Gender, Gender And Gender Roles - 1829 Words

Gender socialization often begins early once parents are shown the sex of their child; from then on, baby showers are planned according to gender â€Å"appropriate† colors, which are often pink for girls and blue for boys. Even differences in how children are spoke to can be picked up easily in Western cultures. Girls are called pretty and sweet, whereas boys are handsome and strong. Ultimately, the way children learn to identify with their gender culture is in part due to not only family and friends, media, schools, and religion, but also from the toys that may inexplicitly advertise gender expectations. Gender-typed toys may be bought for children as a way for parents to encourage and reinforce gender-appropriate behaviors. However, recent debates have engulfed toy manufacturers and major retailers, which has brought about changes in toy design and marketing in an effort to make reflect more realistic and gender neutral options. Gender Differences Gender should not be intertwined with the term sex, which refers to the physical differences in individuals. Instead, gender is the idea of being male or female, and it is well understood by the time children reach the preschool years. Differences in gender become more pronounced as children age, and societal expectations are reinforced by parents and peers. Behavioral differences may be evident since parents may treat their child differently according to gender. A big example of this is how parents may react to a child’s firstShow MoreRelatedGender, Gender And Gender Roles1437 Words   |  6 Pages Gender roles play an important role in society whether it is for good or for bad. These roles have been placed in society since the beginning of time. The term gender is socially created and it therefore categorizes men from women. How is gender defined, and what makes it different from the term sex? â€Å"†¦sex refers to the biological characteristics th at distinguish women and men: sex chromosomes, reproductive organs, sex-specific hormones, and physical characteristics†¦Gender†¦ refers to the socialRead MoreGender Roles : Gender And Gender1587 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween gender and sex. Sex is anatomical and biological. Gender role can be defined as a person’s inner sense of how a male or female should feel and behave. Culture and society are two important factors in relation to this particular topic. This implies that various societies and cultures may produce children and later fully grown men and women who may have diverse perspectives of a man or a woman’s place or role in the world around them; this is often determined by their culture’s gender stereotypesRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Roles844 Words   |  4 PagesSociety has institutionalized gender roles since the beginning of time, a common one is that women are the nurturers and housekeepers, while men are the breadwinners of househ old. In spite of centuries, and fighting for women s rights, such as the right to vote in the late 1920s. Women still have roles to fulfill, even in a modern society that is dominated by a virtual world. Gender identification has multiplied from that of men and women, to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ)Read MoreGender, Gender And Gender Roles1110 Words   |  5 Pagesbelieve gender is only based on being male or female. People believe gender is based on the physical and biological differences between women and men. Over the last few years, the term gender has changed. When some people believe gender is being male or female. Most people associate gender with gender roles and how people are supposed to function or perform based on society’s expectations. In other words, people believe males and females have to behave according to their gender or gender roles to beRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Roles863 Words   |  4 PagesGender can sometimes be seen as biological characteristics humans have, when in fact it is the social characteristic ones society deems either masculine or feminine. Sex, on the other hand, is the biological differences in humans, for example, hormones and sex organs. People usually play gender roles in society, otherwise known as gender ideology. Gender ideology is when men and women have certain attitudes regarding their ‘fixed’ roles, responsibilities and rights. Throughout history men and womenRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Roles1225 Words   |  5 Pagesoptions related to gender conduct. Male gender roles are instilled early on in childhood. As men meet these unwritten expectations they acquire acceptance from other men, attain potential mates, increase self-esteem and increase social status. This in part is called the socialization process. These benefits reinforce men to continue with this as their standard. What are these unwritten rules that are nurtured and taught so crucially by f amily and friends? Traditional gender roles are what determineRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Roles Essay1823 Words   |  8 Pagesclearly determined line from both involving parties reveals to us the ancient war of genders. A society which has overcome many social indifferences yet gender roles is a highly controversial and complicated topic. It seems this generation is caught in the crossfire of the final frontier of this ancient war. An increase in fundamental changes in gender roles is resulting in manipulating society and altering gender boundaries; females are breaking out of traditional restraints. As with all changesRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Roles2086 Words   |  9 PagesGender refers to being male or female. It is usually used to determine the cultural and social difference between men and women. Gender roles are expectations of how males and females should behave, what attitudes they should have, what activities they should do and etc. according to their culture (Witt, 2016). Years ago, males and females had specific roles that separated them from each other. Males were known to go hunting to provide food for the family, and females were to stay at home andRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Role844 Words   |  4 PagesGender Roles can be defined as roles society expects people to play on account of their sex life. Like all roles, gender roles are made up of sets of expectations, so they can be thought of as sets of expirations, so they can be thought of as sets of expectation that are attached to sex.(pp: 220 John E. Farley Michael W. Flota). The key word gender role affects me personally because as recent graduate of high school it’s time for me to go into the real world, of working class gender role of theRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Role Essay784 Words   |  4 Pagessession, I will discuss the gender roles in my family. The definition of gender role is the degree to which a person adopts the gender-specific behaviors ascribed by his or her culture (Matsumoto, D. R., Juang 2013, 156). For example, traditional gender roles recommend that males are aggressive, angry, and unemotional. It goes further and explains that the male should leave the home every day to make a living and be the main wage earner. The traditional gender role for the female purpose is to

Ethical Issues Faced By Multinational Corporations ( Mncs )

What specific legal and/or ethical issues does an organization encounter in doing business in third-world or developing countries? Please identify one specific legal and/or ethical issue and discuss that matter. Once a firm expands abroad, moral transparency becomes foggy. The setting for persons shared attitudes without universal laws and legal practices which describe standards of conduct moral certainty is obscured. Organizations must make a clear statement of what is legally and ethically acceptable, however, the best-informed top executive must reorganize his assumptions of business practices in the host country. Home state laws and ethical standards can bomb in a country with a different paradigm of ethical conduct; such strains are inevitable for organizations and business people alike. Therefore, multinational corporations (MNCs) should be prepared to work through a different legal structure and ethical frameworks of the host country. Consequently, legal and ethical issues must be tackled before conducting business abroad for the success of the firm. Cultural differences play a vital role in how a home corporation does business within the host country. One would think that no culture s ethics are better than the other. Therefore there are no international rights or wrongs (Donaldson, 1996). However, once again clear and transparent communication of what is legally and ethically expected of the MNC must be communicated in a form that both parties willShow MoreRelatedAn Understanding Of Corporate Social Responsibility1343 Words   |  6 Pagestheir applied application by a multinational corporation (MNC) like Walmart. This report is based on the case study ‘Walmart: Love, Earth ®Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ which identifies key points which are the criticism faced by the multinational corporation (MNC), business practices that are/were unethical and which ethical theories did/ do they violate and why do MNCs like Walmart address their social and environmental impacts. The case study is very important as it outlines the way the MNC works and the different types ofRead MoreEthical Issues Of Multinational Corporations Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesETHICAL ISSUES IN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS Introduction A multinational is defined as an enterprise operating in several countries but managed from its home country. Ethics as a philosophy is defined as the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad, right and wrong. Ethical issues arise when one is unsure of what is the right course of action to be taken at a single time. This problem becomes exponentially complex when applied to a multinational organization. Globalisation has enabledRead MoreThe General Impact of Management in International Business1075 Words   |  5 Pagesis the general impact of management in the international business? In this essay this question will be clearly answered by deep details, concerning the important issues meet generally the managers in business international, such as: Conflict of culture, ethical issues, and fair trade issues. And the advent of the Multinational Corporation will be largely explained. Finally, as example, the difference between the managerial styles of USA and Japan will be considered and the managerial styles of ChinaRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Business Management Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesof the broadening of globalization more people have become captivated in international business and trade. Multinational corporations Production of services and goods is organized by a Multinational Corporation. Another name multinational corporation can be referred to as International Corporation. How has Globalization impacted Multinational Corporations(MNC)? Multinational Corporations is expanding their businesses in many ways. According to the website www.grin.com/documents â€Å"Globalization hasRead MoreEthically Responsible4889 Words   |  20 Pagesfuture relies on their aptitude to operate globally. Third world countries seek to attract American MNCs for the jobs they provide and for the technological transfers they promise. However, when these MNCs entered into countries to do business particularly in the third World Countries, many American condemn them (Hofffman Frederick, 1995) for exploiting the resources and workers of the Third World. MNCs are blamed for the poverty and starvation. How ethically responsible should these companies beRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On International Business2183 Words   |  9 Pagescountries Low inflation and low interest rates despite strong growth. 1)A multinational corporation (MNC)...... is a business enterprise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country.Multinational corporations can have a powerful influence in local economies, and even the world economy . Influence on Local and National Economies National and local governments often compete with one another to attract MNC facilities, with the expectation of increased tax revenue, employment,Read MoreEthical Sourcing And The Supply Chain1611 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Sourcing and the Supply Chain Growing competition and the ever increasing emphasis on cost reduction and efficiency has caused many firms to outsource various components of their operations outside of the country. As firms are thrusted into the global marketplace and transformed into multinational corporations (MNCs), new challenges arise related to the differences/disparity in corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices between countries (Chandler Werther Jr., 2014; Cruz, 2013).Read MoreImpact Of Globalization On International Business2183 Words   |  9 Pagescountries Low inflation and low interest rates despite strong growth. 1)A multinational corporation (MNC)...... is a business enterprise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country.Multinational corporations can have a powerful influence in local economies, and even the world economy . Influence on Local and National Economies National and local governments often compete with one another to attract MNC facilities, with the expectation of increased tax revenue, employment,Read MoreThe Impact Of Management On The Globalization Of Business900 Words   |  4 PagesThe impact of management in the globalization of business. The multinational corporation The impact of globalization on international business International business refers to a wide range of business activities undertaken across national borders. Along with rapidly increasing globalization, international business has become a popular topic and has drawn the attention of business executives, government officials and academics. International business is different from domestic business. At the internationalRead MoreCarrolls pyramid of Corporate social responsibility: A review and modification1943 Words   |  8 Pageshelp managers see the different types of obligations that society expects of businesses. It is easily understandable and simple. Howev er, the new challenges faced by corporations in the 21st century have warranted a re-examination of Carrolls pyramid. Carrolls CSR PyramidCarrolls four part CSR pyramid depicts the economic, legal, ethical and discretionary responsibilities that society expects of organizations. Carroll has integrated concepts of stakeholders and corporate citizenship into his

Marketing Strategies and Plans SmHeart Watch

Question: Create an innovative product and then develop a marketing plan for that product? Answer: Introduction This particular assignment deals regarding the innovations of a modern product. The name of the product is SmHeart Watch (Allyson Dooley, Jones Iverson, 2012). This product has a lot of utility rather than showing date and time. This product is the worlds first wearable blood pressure, electrocardiogram and heart rate monitor watch. This assignment mainly covers all the factors, which is of which is required in order to promote this particular product (Lilien, Rangaswamy De Bruyn, 2013). Product and service Description The name of the product is SmHeart Watch. There are different kinds of modern and innovative features are loaded in this particular watch. This watch will become very much useful in determining the blood pressure, electrocardiogram and heart rate monitor. The entire above feature are loaded into a single platform. The major features of this particular watch are to measure tight high blood pressure, predict onset heart attacks, predict the onset strokes and manage diabetes (Lilien, Rangaswamy De Bruyn, 2013). The watch has huge applications. The concept of this particular watch is based on the applications of the solar power device. This kind of watch requires a huge battery support. On the backside of this particular watch is structured with a solar panel. The solar panel helps the users to charge the battery of the watch. The built in the wearable technology of this particular watch takes a reading and transmits the ongoing electrocardiogram, blood pressure and heart rate to the us ers Smartphone tablet and computers. In this case, the use of the Smartphone, as well as the use of Bluetooth, is equally important. The majority of the people of the people now own a Smartphone. The concept of smart phones acts as a displaying panel of the result. The watch will be connected with the use of Bluetooth that will act as a parking device. An electronic record is logged into the secured cloud by which all the users can share all the information by using the official app of the company with family members, health care, etc. Market Size and Growth At present, there are four kinds of marketing structures. Perfectly competitive market structure, Monopoly market structure, Monopolistic Market structure and Oligopoly Market Structure are the four kinds of marketing structure, which are present in the market. As compared with this particular watch, this will fall under the monopoly market structure. The features of monopoly market structure are quite different and unique as compared with other marketing structure. In a particular market structure entire, the buyers and sellers buy and sell a product that has no close substitute in the market. This is a modern concept, which is not fully available in the market. Only SmHeart Watch Company manufactures this watch. These features of the watch are only available in this to this particular company. In order to benefit all the buyers needs to buy this featured work only from this company only (Baines, 2011). The price is not determined as per the demand and supply of the market. This pro duct is not homogenous in nature. The entire pricing decision is in the hand of this particular firm. Target Market Segment The company needs to follow different kinds of strategies and poles while developing the target market. The option, which all the company needs to develop, is to analyze the entire market situation (Allyson Dooley, Jones Iverson, 2012). The first thing is to conclude about who are the customers. On the hand, the company needs to conclude that who are the targeted customers. On the other hand, what this particular company offers to the customers. Depending upon the nature of the product the entire segmentation procedure is framed. The concept of target market dedicates particular a groups of customers in the entire marketing procedure. Based on the demands and wants of the customers all the products are manufactured by the company based on the demand and supply of this particular groups of customers (Baines, 2011). Competitive Analysis The market structure of this particular product is the monopoly market structure. This particular product is only developing by SmHeart Watch Company. This is the first company, which innovates this particular product. In this particular market structure, the level of competition is negligible as compared to other marketing structure. The SmHeart Watch Company is the only company to manufacture this watch with loaded features. This particular firm is known as price maker as the price of the product is not determined as per the demand and supply of the market. The entire pricing power is in the hand of the firm (Chakravarty, Kumar Grewal, 2014). On the other hand, the company needs to adopt some unique pricing strategies to increase the sales of this particular product. Product Strategy The concept of this particular watch is a modern and new concept. SmHeart is the only company to manufacture this particular watch loaded with the feature. In order to build a strong customer base, the company needs to adopt some unique marketing strategies. This particular watch has a lot of utilities. All the users will be benefited with the applications of the watch. The marketing structure of this particular watch falls under the concept of the monopoly market structure. The features of this marketing structure are quite different and unique as compared with other marketing structure. The company needs to adopt different kinds of marketing strategies and formulation in order to promote this particular product (Chakravarty, Kumar Grewal, 2014). This particular product offers different kinds of advantages to the users. The watch will be connected through the Smartphone with the help of Bluetooth, which will act as a displaying panel. There are different kinds of the utility of thi s particular watch. The watch will help the user to treat high blood pressure, predict the onset of the heart attack, predict the onset of strokes and manage diabetes (Dinsmore Cabanis-Brewin, 2011). The application of this particular watch is not restricted in the medical field. The application of this particular watch is also applicable in different kinds of sports management for the quick result in the treatment procedure (Daniel, 2012). The product offers all the users a guarantee and full replacement of two years. The service centers of this particular watch are located in the major areas of the cities, which is easily accessible for the users. The most important thing this particular company maintains a good customer care and after sales services to all users. A 24x7-customer care service will be available for all the users of this particular watch. On the other hand, the company provides a two-year full replacement guarantee. However, the market structure of the product falls under monopoly market structure. In order to develop strong customers base management, this particular company wants will be able to make unique pricing strategies (Chakravarty, Kumar Grewal, 2014). Pricing Strategy This company falls under the group of the monopoly market structure. The pricing strategies and the systems of this particular company fall under different categories. This product is very expensive (Chakravarty, Kumar Grewal, 2014). The company must develop the pricing strategies by keeping in mind the elasticity of demand. The concept of the elasticity of demand is the concept of determining the price of the product, which relates to the increase in the demand to change in the price of the goods and services. The entire pricing strategies and theories are the major factors of any kinds of marketing structure (Tanner Raymond, 2012). This particular product is very much expensive. It is not possible for the lifestyle of the developing countries to adopt this featured watch. The primary job of the company is to study the demographic factor of the country (Daniel, 2012). Depending upon the demographic factor of the country all the company needs to implement the marketing strategies. In order to apply the best customer retention policy, the company needs to develop a unique pricing strategy (Thorson Duffy, 2012). The revenue structure, as well as the plans and policies of the government, put a huge effect on the entire pricing decisions of the company. Based on the demand and the standard of living the entire pricing structure of the product needs to be developed. Unique pricing decisions of the company will help in order to launch a new product (Goundrey-Smith, 2012). Distribution Strategies There are different kinds of distribution strategies adopted by different companies depending upon the nature of the business (Kurtz Boone, 2012). The distribution channel is the chain of the business through which a goods and services reach the customers. There are several channels of the distribution channel, which include wholesalers, retailers, distributors and the applications of the internet (Tanner Raymond, 2012). The company adopts depending upon the nature of the business the mode of the distribution. The distribution system needs to be organized by depending upon the nature of the product (Jobber Ellis- Chadwick, 2013). This product falls under the category of electronic gadget. The best distribution channel, which this particular company can adopt, is the distribution process with the applications of the internet services (Lilien, Rangaswamy De Bruyn, 2013). In a modern generation, the most important breakthrough is the application of internet as well as the applications of the social media tools (Hosmer, 2011). As per the latest statistical report, the most demanded source of shopping that the customers adopt is the concept of online shopping. There are several advantages of online shopping. The major factor of the online shopping all the customers have the opportunity to save time. This particular company is introducing a unique featured watch. The best way is to implement the entire d istribution procedure is the applications of the online distribution ship (Kotler Armstrong, 2012). Integrated Marketing Strategies The concept of the integrated marketing service is the concept of developing different kinds of marketing strategies related with the business (Publications, 2011). The primary strategy, which the majority of the company develops, is the process of promotion. The process of promotion means the communication process of the business (Hosmer, 2011). There are two kinds of promotional process (Souza, Gosling Gonalves, 2013). One is the traditional mode of communication and on the other hand, modern mode of communication. Both the traditional mode of communication and the modern mode of communication are very much important for the organization. In case of the traditional mode of communication, the applications of newspapers, magazines, and handbills are the applied source of communication (Jobber and Ellis- Chadwick, 2013). On the other hand, in case of the modern mode of communication the applications of the social media tools and the applications of the emails and internet are applica ble (Kapoor, 2014). The entire communication process is equally important for both the buyers and the sellers. The process of communication is important for the buyers as all the buyers can conclude about the latest demands and supply of the market. In a particular market structure, there are different kinds of customer demands and wants (Dewani Sinha, 2012). On the other hand, it is not possible for every firm to satisfy all the demands and wants of the customers at a single point of time. Based on the demand of the customers all the business firms need to organize the entire business proceedings (Rossiter, 2012). On the other hand, it helps the customers to stay updated about the different kinds of products and services of the company (Hansen et al. 2014). Market Research This particular company needs to develop different kinds of market research procedure. The entire market research procedure will help the company to gather complete information about the latest marketing demands (Hansen et al. 2014). The company has adopted different kinds of marker research procedure in different counties. The most important point is the data collection procedure. There are two kinds of data collection procedure. One is the primary mode of data collection and on the other hand, there is the secondary method of data collection procedure (Goundrey-Smith, 2012). Both of the data collection procedure is very much helpful for the company to gather complete information about the market structure (Lilien, Rangaswamy De Bruyn, 2013). The entire Data Collection procedure is very much important for the company. This will help the company to gather complete information about the entire marketing structure of the country in which this particular organization wants to develop its business plans and proceedings. There are different kinds of customers in the market (Rglinger, Pppelbub Becker, 2012). Different kinds of customers have different demands and on the other hand, the purchasing decisions of the customers vary from each other. Keeping in mind the different requirements of the customers the company needs to develop the majority of the business plans and procedure (Dewani Sinha, 2012). The entire market survey procedure is very much crucial for the entire business proceedings. Market Strategies To implement the best marking strategies and policies of the company, the company needs to consider the demographic factor of the country (Dewani Sinha, 2012). The concept of the demographic factor relates with the study of population. The demographic factor of the country varies from one country to another. Depending upon the demographic factor all the marketing decisions of the country are required to formulate. The second important factor is the pricing factor (Sinha, Sahgal Mathur, 2013). This particular business plan deals with the concept of implementing the business plan related to a multi-featured watch. There are different applications of this particular watch. It will help in the medical field, and it is applicable in the sports department. This product, which is developed by SmHeart Watch, is a quite expensive product (Kotler Armstrong, 2014). The standard of living of the particular country needs to be considered while marketing this particular country (Dewani Sinha, 2012). This particular company will face the majority of the challenges while marketing in the underdeveloped countries (Dinsmore Cabanis-Brewin, 2011). As compared with developed countries the standard of living of the underdeveloped countries is much low as compared with other countries. The company needs to develop strong marketing strategies while marking in the underdeveloped countries (Kotler Armstrong, 2014). Conclusion This particular assignment mainly deals with the application of SmHeart Watch. This watch is very much useful and has different kinds of applications. This particular watch is required for measuring blood pressure, Treat high blood pressure, predict the onset of a heart attack, predict the onset of strokes, and Manage diabetes. The device will be connected to a smartphone with Bluetooth, and the smartphone will act as the displaying panel. The official app of this particular company will help to share the information with different groups. This watch will be very much helpful in the medical field as well as in the sports department. Different kinds of marketing applications and marketing strategies, which are required by the company to develop this particular product of SmHeart Watch. Reference List Allyson Dooley, J., C. Jones, S. Iverson, D. (2012). Web 2.0: an assessment of social marketing principles.Journal of Social Marketing, 2(3), pp.207-221. Baines, P. (2011).Political marketing. London: SAGE. Chakravarty, A., Kumar, A. Grewal, R. (2014). Customer Orientation Structure for Internet-Based Business-to-Business Platform Firms.Journal of Marketing, 78(5), pp.1-23. Daniel, S. (2012).Principles of marketing. [S.l.]: Kendall Hunt. Dewani, P. Sinha, P. (2012). Gratitude: An Emotional Approach in Business Relationship.Research Journal of Business Management, 6(1), pp.1-11. Dinsmore, P. Cabanis-Brewin, J. (2011).The AMA hbook of project management. New York: American Management Association. Goundrey-Smith, S. (2012).Principles of electronic prescribing. London: Springer. Hansen, M., Phonekeo, K., Paine, J., Leth-Petersen, S., Begtrup, M., Bruner-Osborne, H. Kristensen, J. (2014). Synthesis StructureActivity Relationships of N -Benzyl Phenethylamines as 5-HT 2A/2C Agonists.ACS Chem. Neurosci., 5(3), pp.243-249. Hosmer, L. (2011).The ethics of management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Jobber, D. Ellis- Chadwick, F. (2013).Principles practice of marketing. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kapoor, N. (2014).Principles of marketing. New Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited. Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. (2012).Principles of marketing. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. (2014).Principles of marketing. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson. Kurtz, D. Boone, L. (2012).Principles of contemporary marketing. Australia: Southwestern Cengage Learning. Lilien, G., Rangaswamy, A. De Bruyn, A. (2013).Principles of marketing engineering. State College, PA: DecisionPro, Inc. Publications, S. (2011).SAGE Brief Guide to Marketing Ethics. Thous Oaks: SAGE Publications. Rglinger, M., Pppelbu, J. Becker, J. (2012). Maturity models in business process management.Business Process Mgmt Journal, 18(2), pp.328-346. Rossiter, J. (2012). Advertising management principles are derived mostly from logic very little from empirical generalizations.Marketing Theory, 12(2), pp.103-116. Sinha, A., Sahgal, A. Mathur, S. (2013). Practice Prize Paper Category Optimizer: A Dynamic-Assortment, New-Product-Introduction, Mix-Optimization, Dem-Planning System.Marketing Science, 32(2), pp.221-228. Souza, B., Gosling, M. Gonalves, C. (2013). Mensurao do Mix de Marketing de Servios, da Satisfao e da Lealdade em Clientes de um Banco de Varejo.REMark, 12(02), pp.108-132. Tanner, J. Raymond, M. (2012).Principles of marketing. Irvington, N.Y.: Flat World Knowledge. Thorson, E. Duffy, M. (2012).Advertising age. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

The Untouchables Essay Example

The Untouchables Paper Throughout De Palmas career, he has spent time exploring the idea of corruption from within. De Palma has examined the ideas of power and justice in previous films such as; Blow Out, Scarface and The Bonfire of the Vontities. This theme is carried out throughout The Untouchables. During the motion picture, De Palma uses a number of film techniques to create tension and excitement throughout. The climax reaches its height in the station scene. When the scene opens, the audience is immediately faced with a feeling of anticipation, as a car drives at high speed along the road. It weaves in and out of the traffic with its horn blazing. This opening sequence is followed by the camera panning in to show a close up the speeding car wheel. This shot is super ceded by the camera slowly moving up to reveal the two inhabitants; Ness and Stone. The use of lighting in films is very important and can easily set the mood for a scene. For example, the time of day can be established by the quantity of light. During the car scene, De Palma uses lighting to effect. The lighting inside the car is subtle; with only the faces lightly illuminated, making sure that the audience are fully concentrated on Ness and Stone and what they have to say. We will write a custom essay sample on The Untouchables specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Untouchables specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Untouchables specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Stone and Ness appears detached, as if they are anxious to get some where. This is demonstrated through their dialogue which is short and to the point. Again, this adds to the growing tension. As the two characters walk to the train station, their fixed expressions are heightened. They are focused on what is going to happen next. When Ness says, The book keeper is no good to us dead Stone? the audience feels unnerved and tense; can Stone (the proti gi ) hold himself together so that he does not shoot the book keeper? For this is the penultimate scene, if they can capture the book keeper (the only one who can decode the ledger book) they can put Al Capone successfully behind bars. Also we remember back to the previous scene in which Malone (Nesss mentor) was killed by Capones cronies. This adds an emotional level to the scene and hence ups the tension and excitement; for without the book keeper, Malones death would have been in vain. Throughout the film De Palma has use a number of different camera shots/angles and editing to create more of an effect on the audience. For example, the scene in which Malone is killed, De Palma uses a point of view shot in which we see everything through the eyes of one of Capones cronies; in doing this, De Palma is able to give the audience a completely different cinematic experience. This is true for the station scene. He uses continuity editing which gives the impression of an unbroken continuum in time, where everything runs smoothly. For example, when Stone and Ness reach the station and open the door, this followed by a smooth switch over to an extreme long shot; which hence gives the impression that everything runs smoothly. The extreme long shot shows two enormous pillars and a huge lobby, putting into perspective the two men and the vast area they have to cover. This sustains the tension and excitement in the scene, how can Ness and Stone possibly watch and cover such a large area between them? Then Stone is sent to cover the south entrance, leaving Ness alone covering the main entrance, this cultivating anticipation within the audience. Ness takes a vantage point from which he can oversee the entrance hall and looks up at the clock; it is four minutes to twelve. Ness looks back to watch Stone walk across then entrance hall to the south exit. The audience hears Stones foot steps echo across the hall, which re-establishes the fact that they have such a huge area to cover. Sound of course plays a vital effect on how motion picture is perceived. These are separated into three main sets; diegetic, non diegetic and extra-diegetic. Diegetic sound is when you can see whats making the noise; for example if a person is playing the piano and you can hear a piano, the sound is obviously the piano. Non diegetic sound on the other hand is when we cant see whats making the noise but we know what is making it; for example an announcement from a speakerphone. Whereas extra-diegetic is a noise that is not part of the film; for instance a sound track playing over the top. As Ness turns away from the clock we instantly hear a baby crying, a non diegetic noise as we know what is making the sound. Instantly Nesss concentration is drawn away from the job at hand, the presence of a child at once creates tension as there is now another distraction. At the same time a low discordant note plays, adding an eeriness to the scene. As the baby is trundled into view, an unsettling baby lullaby plays over the top; this being an extra diegetic sound effect. Adding to this first distraction, the announcer calls for all passengers for the 12:05 train to board. This raises the tension in the scene as there is already too much happening. Simultaneously De Palma switches to a point of view shot, in which the audience are looking at the clock and the front entrance. Already people are coming through the doors. The audiences anticipation grows as they dont know what the book keeper looks like. It is clearly visible that Ness is distracted by the baby as he repeatedly looks over to the child in the pram and his mother, thus causing this anxiety for the audience. This is carried on as Nesss full attention is drawn towards the mother and her desperate attempts to calm the child down. The shift in attention heightens the tension as we worry that Ness might miss the book keeper. Again the announcement is made. More people come through the door. Time is passing by and the child is still playing on the audiences mind. These few changes help keep the excitement and tension sustainable. As the mother caries on soothing her child, the orchestral music playing in the back ground slowly rises. However more tension is created by the shadows of the people walking past, and the start of slow eerie music. Throughout this scene De Palma has chosen to use a point of view shot in which we can see everything that Ness sees as if through his eyes. This is extremely useful in that it shows where the characters attention lies and is also a useful instrument in creating tension and anxiety. By only showing what Ness is concentrating on, the audience grow anxious over what else is happening around Ness that he is not seeing. A suspicious looking character comes into frame wearing the typical gangster clothing. The baby music lowers to be heard quietly in the background; horns can be heard with a look out type of melody raising the tension of the scene. Audiences know that Ness is distracted by this man as his focus as well as ours is drawn away from the baby. The music fits in with this feeling, with slight increases in volume followed by quiet. The music seeps away as the man becomes no threat. De Palma is a clever film maker. He cleverly takes certain things from different films and fits them into his films. This is what sets De Palma apart from many film makers. The constant checking of the time and the fact that is moving towards noon, is in reference to the film High Noon, in which the penultimate part of the film (as in The Untouchables) is when the clock strikes twelve. The merge of the films is rammed home by the constant camera shots of the clock, as if waiting for it to stick at twelve. This anticipation both sustains and creates tension and excitement for the audience. Another thing that De Palma does to make this scene different is the fact that the scene is in real time everything occurs on screen in the time span of the scene. De Palmas constant use of camera shots easily shows where Nesss concentration lies. It becomes very obvious that Ness is caught between two sides, the obvious need to carry out his duty and his moral duty; should he help the woman? Of course, these feelings are perceived by the audience, they too undergo the same dilemma. This feeling grows to frustration and heightened tension as yet more people pass and still no-one offers the woman any assistance. As Ness looks down on the woman in dismay, the audience are reminded that he himself is a family man. However Nesss interests are in conflict; on the one hand he has his official duty (to arrest the book keeper) and that of his moral duty, (to help the weak). Ness takes one last look at the clock realising that it has hit twelve and with this last glance at the clock the audience again hear the low ominous horns sustaining the tension. Ness finally gives in to his moral duty. The music used in the film has a huge part in sustaining and hightening the tension and excitement. One of the most effective instruments used in the set scene are the horns. When the horns play, it warns the audience of the danger and brings their attention in to what is happening around Ness. This is expertly used when two suspicious men walk down the opposite staircase. As they draw level we hear the horns, which confirms our suspicion. This is followed immediately by a reaction shot of Ness who is becoming aware of the danger; what will Ness do? Tension is further sustained with the use of sound. The womens distracting chatter, the prams heave and awkward clank. We wonder how Ness keeps his focus? Another of Al Capones men comes in, Ness looks uneasily at him and as he turns round yet more men come in to the station. It seems that Ness is surrounded and the audiences excitement of what will happen grows. However, as Ness looks round he does not see another of Capones men come in. It is the gangster that Ness hit earlier on in the film. The audience (tension rising) and question whether gangster recognises him and whether when Ness is seen by him, he will be recognised. He currently appears to be the babys farther, but the audience knows this cant last. At this point the baby starts crying and De Palma gives us a closeup. This is a sign of what is going to happen and shows the babys helplessness and innocence. Will the baby survive? As the babys crying gets louder, the camera suddenly switches to the gangster with the broken nose and slowly closes up on his face. At the very same time the music starts to get louder, heightening the tension. The camera changes to Ness and gradually gets closer, as if showing the gangster slowly starting to remember who Ness actually is. In unison the orchestral music reaches a crescendo, signalling that something big is going to happen. All the tension that De Palma has managed to create and sustain thought the scene so far, has been built up until the moment when Ness fires the first shot. When he does, we get an immediate reaction shot of Stone, but moving in slow motion; heightening tension as to whether Stone will get there in time. From this moment onwards, De Palma has chosen to shoot the scene in slow motion, thus allowing the audience to appreciate every moment. However by also choosing to shoot in slow motion, De Palma manages to make the fight seem almost graceful, thus making the audience understand and appreciate De Palmas skill as a film maker. De Palma demonstrates his skill by editing sound and only allowing sounds that he wants the audience to hear; by doing this, he makes the audience concentrate on the most important aspects of what is happening. De Palma chooses to allow us to hear the load clank as the pram rolls down the stairs, the gun fire and the slow echoing foot steps of Stone as he runs to the rescue. De Palma has a good knowledge of film and he shows us this in the closing part of this scene. The shoot out reminding us of cowboy films (High Noon) and also he uses the classic film Battleship Potemkin, these demonstrating how well he can manipulate his audience. However De Palma has not finished creating tension and excitement during this scene. As the pram falls down the stairs, Ness has to choose either to save the baby or capture the book keeper. Choosing to shoot in slow motion also serves in creating anxiety; as Ness runs after the pram, it seems he is moving too slowly to save the child. Aiding in creating tension are the violins that play eerily over the top, creating an ever more tense atmosphere. As well as the constant sound of bullets ricocheting reminding the audience of the danger. As Ness runs out of bullets (highlighted by the load click as he fires), Stone rushes in to save Ness; arriving like the cavalry to save the day. Yet De Palma has not finished showing off his filmmaking technique, for as Stone runs in, De Palma has used a vast montage of shots showing everything that happens in those few seconds. At this point the cradle music that once unnerved the audience now serves as a comfort and is a sign that scales have turned. Ness now has the authority in situation; we get this through the way he takes control of the scene. Presently we get a reaction shot of the gangster and the bookkeeper; the gangster sweating and the bookkeeper trembling and afraid. All tension is now on the two. The gangster tries to take control of the situation but Ness is calm, conveying this by the slight shake of his head. The gangster is desperate Ness speaks calmly to Stone You got him? Stone replies with the same air Yeah I got him. Followed by a close up of the gangsters sweating face and trembling bookkeeper as he starts to count out One! There is a tense pause of anticipation as the audience wonder what will happen next, no other sound or musical compliments are playing, just silence. Take him, Ness says it as if it is nothing to him, followed by the load bang of the gun. Two, Stone says very calmly (blackly humorous), with a reaction shot of the gangster slowly falling to the floor. Immediately the orchestra play, still with the same eeriness as the bookkeeper looks down at his ex-comrade. The load click of Stone re-cocks his gun, now all tension is with the bookkeeper. The scene finishes on Ness; stern and impassive. The audience now are relieved of all anxiety, for justice has prevailed. What has De Palma shown us? Justice wins, in the wake of injustice and corruption, tying in with De Palmas theme of corruption from within. Ness has done whatever was necessary, even if it was not by the book as he was primarily so steadfast in doing. Most importantly De Palma has shown his skilfulness in directing, using a variety of camera angles to create different cinematic experiences. He also uses camera angles to provoke different emotions from the audience. His usage of sound, music and lighting has successfully been employed to formulate tension and excitement. He uses various editing styles to show the audience just how well he can make and produce a film, as well as influencing his audience in the way he wishes to; to feel worried, afraid, tense or excitement and relieved. In all De Palma has managed to show in one scene the following; how skilful a director he is, his knowledge of films, his ability to take things from previous films and make them his own, also how he can influence an audience into feeling what he wants them to.

Persuasive essay about abortions Essays

Persuasive essay about abortions Essays Persuasive essay about abortions Paper Persuasive essay about abortions Paper Essay Topic: Persuasive Abortion has been one of the biggest controversies of all time. Many people believe it is 100% wrong and even consider it to be murder. The definition of abortion is; â€Å"The termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo prior to being capable of normal growth.† These pro-life believers do not support the idea of abortion and believe it should be illegal. Many of these supporters do not know that if abortion were illegal they would still be performed, unfortunately by an uneducated staff. Over 70 thousand maternal deaths occur every year because of unsafe abortions. These women die, so the idea of supporting pro-life is contradictory, this is why the nation should be pro-choice. Pro-choice believers support the right to privacy and the idea women should have the choice to do what they please with their own body and unborn child. As an example, a woman is raped by a man and becomes pregnant with his child. She decides she doesn’t want to keep the baby and she has an abortion because the idea of raising a child of her rapist is too painful for her to deal with. Pro-choice defenders take sympathies to this woman while she then gets called a murderer by pro-life supporters. Abortions sometimes results in the woman being harassed because of the choice she has made about her own body. Sometime situations like this turns into harassment which can be considered to be part of anti-abortion violence. These â€Å"pro-life supporters† stalk, threaten, and even sometimes kill women who have chosen to have an abortion and even the doctors that provide the procedures. Pro-life also supports the idea that every child has a right to live, even if the mother is not financially able to support the child and the child would struggle everyday along with their mother. These children would be underprivileged and could potentially die from the circumstances they’ve be forced to live in. Again this is what people that are considered to be â€Å"pro-life† defend. Pro-choice supports the girl that is fifteen years old loses her virginity and becomes pregnant because she wasn’t fully aware of the consequences of her actions. The choice of her keeping the child would result in her getting kicked out of her home, she’d be finically unable to support the baby, and she would lose her education. With abortion she would not have to deal with these issues, though she would have to deal with the emotional aspect of  deciding to terminate the pregnancy. Pro-choice supports the idea she would learn from her mistake and that ultimately it was her choice to do what she wished with her body. Even though these â€Å"Pro Life supporters† think giving up your child for adoption is a better choice than an abortion, but those children would be forced to live in an unfit foster home till they age out of the system. After they turn 18 they are out on the streets what makes the women who would rather just have an abortion have to think about when they know their child is in a foster home and probably no better off than where they would be if she would have just kept it? You have to deal with the emotional circumstances after an abortion for a while but you have to deal with not knowing what the child you gave up has to go through on a daily basis everyday of your life is a lot harder than the emotional toll of an abortion Even though many people practice pro-life because of their religion, it may be surprising to learn that catholic women are 29% more likely to get an abortion than Protestant women, though they are as likely as all women to do so. In Christianity abortion has been considered homicide since Pope Sixtus V declared it so, but the debate didn’t become heated until the 19th century. So even these pro-life supporters sometimes find the circumstances where abortion is necessary. An example of a situation where you may see this is in a given situation where bearing a child and giving birth would kill the mother because of health issues or womb complications the fetus would have. It’s said that the risks of death associated with childbirth is 10 times higher than that of abortion. This proves that life is too situational to say whether or not abortion should be illegal. About 14,000 women get abortions fallowing rape. It is also estimated that there are millions abortions a year. Imagine that those abortions had not occurred with the current population issue in the world, there are over 7 billion people on the planet and we have limited resources which are fading quickly. Pro-life supporters do not see the situations, reasons, and â€Å"benefits† from abortions. They are ignorant to the reason why many women choose to make the decision they do. It is clear abortion should remain legal; even if it seems immoral it can often be the best situation for the  people that have to make that tough decision. Pro-choice defends and protects the people, it is ultimately the woman’s life that would be affected and no one else’s, who would the government be to take that away from us the people? We live in a country based on freedoms, and women have and should continue to have the freedom to that choice. Also, if women are forced to bear the child and give it up or have to keep it there will be so many young girls on welfare and food stamps. Even unemployment because they don’t have the means to take care of these children but are being forced to keep them. Our country in already in debt why are we going to force people to bring in these children just for the government to have to pay to take care of them and be put even further into debt? What do you think about abortion should women be able to make their own decision on whether they should keep THEIR child or get an abortion? View as multi-pages

20 Creative Presentation Topics on Online Education

20 Creative Presentation Topics on Online Education Online education otherwise known as e-learning has come to stay and its mainstream acceptance by the corporate and educational industry gives it the legitimacy needed to attract individuals planning to further their education. Today,   majority of the higher institutions in the United States offer online courses to the public and, more importantly, credit in some of these courses are now been recognized by brick and mortar colleges across the world. Interest in online education is at an all-time high because students from every quota of life can now further their education following personal schedules, while professionals can also enroll for courses that help their professional development and attend the corresponding virtual classes after work hours. The phenomenal growth of online education has seen it become a subject matter to be studied and discussed in traditional classrooms. Therefore, once in awhile students may be tasked with drafting a presentation on online education and if you happen to fall into this category, here are 20 cool presentation topics on online education: The State of E-Learning in Higher Education Profitable Uses of Online Education in Government Departments Online Education and its Role in Corporate Learning Online Education as a Catalyst for Reforming Higher Education How Ivy Colleges are Using Online Education Discussing the Emerging Trends in E-Learning How Online Learning Can Reduce the Cost of Higher Education How Online Education Impacts Corporate Training The Impact of Online Learning in Adult Education Online Education vs Traditional Education: The Pros and Cons How Online Education Bridges Learning Gaps Gender Considerations in Online Education The Global Race for Online Learning How Online Education Aids Professional Development Online Learning: A 21st Century Approach to Education How Online Education aids distance learning Busting the Myths Associated with Online Education The Worlds Most Rapid Growing E-Learning Markets Reviewing the Tools that Make Online Education Tick Exploring Gamification as a Teaching Tool in Online Education So we come to the end of the 20 topics you can choose from when writing a presentation or research paper on the topic of online education. Going through the list, I believe you would agree with me when I say these are some cool presentation topics right? If you do, then do not hesitate to read the sample paper based on one of the listed topics above as well as to check on our 10 facts on online education and guide for a creative presentation. How Online Learning Can Reduce the Cost of Higher Education The cost of receiving higher education in the United States has skyrocketed to impossible heights and this has led to questions on the relevance of pursuing a professional course of study through traditional educational channels. The latest numbers on student loan debt puts the overall debt owed in the US at a trillion dollars and this figure does not include loans taken by students currently studying in our Nations Institutes. As student loan debts continue to rise to new heights due to payment defaults and the circle of new students seeking loans, online education is being currently discussed as a mean of reducing the cost of securing an education. To this end, a majority of traditional education institutes have integrated online learning as a means of studying at your own pace while minimizing the money spent in securing an education. This move by traditional institutions has led to a decrease in the cost of receiving higher education as can be seen from the example of Georgia Institute of Technologys online Computer Science masters degree program which costs approximately $35,000 less than the comparative on-ground program. The reasons given for its massive fee reduction includes the fact that students will not have access to on-ground facilities such as libraries, cafeterias, accommodation and utilities which means the University will not need to pay anything for their upkeep and physical comfort. Other reasons include not taking up the time of college professors who will be free to pursue other responsibilities and facility sharing between the University and provider of the Learning Management Systems (LMS) platform to be used. Concern on the cost of receiving higher education led to the formation of the National Center of Academic Transformation (NCAT) which tasks itself on developing policies that simplify education as well as the cost of obtaining one. In order to meet its goals, the NCAT has successfully introduced a paradigm shift in over 100 institutions on how popular courses are taught. The method employed is quite simple and involves the redesign of courses with multiple sections by introducing a single master course that covers every section in record time. The NCATs policy which has received financial support from major organizations including the Sloan Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, has been quite successful for to the integration of IT techniques and online learning tools. The use of online education by the NCAT has played a huge role in redesigning courses and the sharing of these master courses materials across multiple institutions online platforms. Thereby reducing the cost of higher education as well as the time needed to complete the popular courses most students participate in. Lastly, it is important to also note that as online education and its teaching tools become widely accepted or used in institutions of higher learning, a domino effect will occur and it would lead to a reduction in the fees students pay to enroll at traditional colleges in the near future. References: Justin, F. (2013). 10 Unique Facts about Online Learning. learndash.com/10-unique-facts-about-online-learners/ 8 Battaglino, T. Haldeman, M. and Laurans, E. (2011). The Costs of Online Learning. The Thomas Fordham Institute. http:// www.edexcellencemedia.net/publications/2012/20120110- the-costs-of-online-learning/20120110-the-costs-of-onlinelearning.pdf. Lee, Jr., M. (2011). The College Completion Agenda 2011 Progress Report. College Board Advocacy and Policy Center. http://completionagenda.collegeboard.org/sites/default/files/reports_pdf/Progress_Report_2011.pdf. Babson Survey Research Group: Tracking Online Education in the United States www.onlinelearningsurvey.com/reports/gradechange.pdf Santosh, K. (2013). Surprising Facts about Online Education. http://edtechreview.in/data-statistics/787-surprising-facts-about-online-education-infographic 41 Surprising Facts about Online Students on the Internet.collegeatlas.org/41-surprising-facts-about-online-students.html Kaplan Open Learning: The Facts about Online Education.careerealism.com/facts-online-education/

Racial and Socioeconomic Differences in Risk factors for Essay

Racial and Socioeconomic Differences in Risk factors for Cardiovascular Disease among Southern Women - Essay Example 9. The researchers agreed that the CV Risk Index created for this particular research work has not been tested elsewhere, so the scoring that were employed could not be reliably said to be representative of the risk of participants. 10. The Chi-square test was used to test the statistical significance of the research variables. For example, the percentage of African American women that has never smoked was greater than white women (60.7% vs 42.8%). Chi- square test was be used to test if this difference is statistically significant to make it a factor to consider in CVD 12. After breaking down each of the two main variables to be analyzed into four categories each, the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the effect of each of these categories on the main variable 14. The research article did state that the data were collected by questionnaires mailed to participants and that the questions were based on those recommended by the NIH. However, nothing is said with respect to maintaining the confidentiality of the participants or otherwise.

CZ56 Critical Evaluation of Current Integrated Marketing Essay

CZ56 Critical Evaluation of Current Integrated Marketing Communications Practice - Essay Example First and foremost, most car manufacturers have been forced to adopt a whole marketing picture. Basically, this implies that the market is not a singular unit and the various entities within it have to be given attention to (Aaker, 1997). Secondly, the car manufacturing companies have been forced to re-align their communications and approach things from a consumer viewpoint. This has enabled car manufacturing companies to respond to the various demands of prospective customers (Bagozzi & Dholakia, 2002) Integrated marketing communication has made it possible for automobile companies to achieve different goals at the same time. This in turn enhances their standing in terms of credibility, positioning, network creation, and creating trust among the various prospective clients (Benkler, 2006). This form of communication has also made it possible for companies to conduct corporate social responsibility efficiently. It is also worth noting that innovative marketing strategies have been necessitated by changes in consumer trends. Most clients today are smarter and more sophisticated. These attributes also implies that they are hard to delight (Barwise & Meehan, 2010). Most prospective clients today demand commodities, which are custom made and increasingly adaptable. Thus, there is a need for maximum differentiation that will appeal to the varying needs of various consumers. Understanding a target market is important for any business entity. Failing to properly comprehend a target market can put a huge dent on the prospects of any given company (Castells, 1996). During the pre-launch of the Fiat 500 car, the company did an analysis of the market and realized that most of the potential consumers were relatively young and sophisticated. Thus, the marketing strategy was informed by this demographic of people. The strategy that was adopted by the

The Extinction of Baiji Essay Example for Free

The Extinction of Baiji Essay The Baiji, also known as the Chinese River Dolphin, are part of the family Plantanistiade, the river dolphin family. They had exsited in the Yangtze River in China for thousand of years. Nevertheless, the Baiji was recently declared extinct. The baiji’s demise can be attributed to over fishing, its lethal environment and the Great Leap Forward in China. Excessive and illegal fishing was a great threat to the baiji’s way of life. Electric fishing and the fishing method called â€Å"rolling hooks† were been banned in China. However, fishermen on the Yangtze River still use them out of convenience, and enforcement of the ban was difficult. The expert Zhou states, â€Å"This (electic) fishing method, in which an under waterdevice is used to stun aquatic animals, kills any organism induding what was once the dolphin’s prey.† 40 percent of Dolphins deaths were due to this kind of fishing annually (Gerg Ruland). In addition, rolling hooks, â€Å"long, braided lines with numerous sharp hooks are meant to catch fish, caused a number of baiji death.† As long as the baiji was caught by one of the hooks, it would struggle with more rolling hooks. Finally, the blood flew out of the baiji’s body, and it would die. (Requiem for a Freashwater Dolphin) . The environment in the Yangtze River, where the baiji had settled its habitat in, was fatal to the baiji. Traffic on the Yangtza River, which is the busiest in the world, damaged the audition of the baiji. Lovgren in his article states that, â€Å"The large-ship traffic on the Yangtze, one of the world’s busiest waterways, confounds the sonic wave that the nearly blind dolphin used to depend on to find food.† Moreover, the boats on the Yangtze attracted a number of the baiji to collide with propellers, since the propellers produced much of the sound wave and confused the baiji’s audition (Ruland). Another assignable cause that destroyed the baiji’s habitat was dams along the Yangtze River. Thes dams further destroyed the ecology of the river. And when the biggest dam, the Three Gorges Hydroelectric Dam in 1994, began to be constructed, this â€Å"wreaked havoc on the baiji’s remaining habitat. In 1997, only 13 baiji remained† (The Tragedy of the Yangtze River Dolphin). People take the big advantage of the valuable nature resources, living near by the Yangtze. However, because of the intemperate use, the baiji could not survive in the perishing environment and finally die. However, neither Chinese people nor the Chinese government kept the protection of the species in mind during the time period of the Great Leap Forward, which was the time to change China into a modern, industrialized communist society. The baiji’s population declined dramatically at the time. The baiji was denounced for their historical status, â€Å"Goddess of the Yangtze River† (Smith, et al). As a result people were encouraged to kill the baiji, since the story of this species was regarded as a part of superstition and feudalism. The baiji also killed for their white skin and flesh(Smith, et al) . It was encouraged for the contemporary to kill the baiji, since they treat baiji as their profit and the symbol of the bad traditional influence. In conclusion, the extinction of the baiji resulted from human activities. People who live near by the Yangtze improved their live depended on the destroying the baiji’s habitat and capturing the baiji. The tragedy of the baiji’s extinction came at a price while the living standard of people was promoted.

Indecision, Hesitation and Delay in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay

     Ã‚  Ã‚   The very intelligent prince in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a dallying type, especially at the crucial prayer scene where the king appears very vulnerable. But some esteemed literary critics do not consider the hero to be a procrastinator at all. Let us in this essay examine various points of view on the prince'’ various episodes indicting dallying or the opposite. Harry Levin comments on Hamlet’s uncharacteristic hesitation in dispatching the king, in the General Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare: Comparably, Hamlet has been taken to task – or, perhaps more often, sentimentalized – for an alleged inability to make up his mind. Actually, both the testimony about him and his ultimate heroism show that his hesitations are uncharacteristic. It is a measure of the baffling predicament in which he finds himself that the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought (III.i.84) If Hamlet’s personality seems peculiarly elusive, if his different interpreters can endow him with such widely differing characteristics, it is because his part is presented subjectively, much of it confided to us through soliloquies. (24) David Bevington, in the Introduction to Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet, eliminates some possible reasons for Hamlet’s hesitation in killing Claudius during the prayer scene:    Several limits can be placed upon the search for an explanation of Hamlet’s apparent hesitation to avenge. He is not ineffectual under ordinary circumstances. Elizabethan theories of melancholy did not suppose the sufferer to be made necessarily inactive. Hamlet has a deserved reputation in Denmark for manliness and princely demeanor. He keeps up his fencing practice ... ...n and Audio Performance. Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1988.    Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Nevo, Ruth. â€Å"Acts III and IV: Problems of Text and Staging.† Modern Critical Interpretations: Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Rpt. from Tragic Form in Shakespeare. N.p.: Princeton University Press, 1972.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html    West, Rebecca. â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Court and the Castle. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957.   

How Far Is Odysseus Motivated by Nostos?

â€Å"Odysseus is motivated only by his desire to return home (nostos). † How far do you agree with this view? In your answer you should: * Consider how Odysseus behaves on his journey home; * Include an analysis of his motives; * Support your answer with evidence from The Odyssey. On his journey home, Odysseus encounters many obstacles which he attempts to overcome swiftly so that he may arrive home as soon as possible; however, it can be argued that nostos is not his only motive throughout his journey, though it may be the most significant.In Book 5, Homer presents Odysseus for the first time, and we find him weeping for his â€Å"lost home† and discover that he has been doing so for the past seven years every day. This shows how much he longs for his nostos and that this is his main aim in life. However, despite his apparent pain and homesickness, he has not yet attempted to leave the island, nor does he hate Calypso for keeping him here, as he sleeps with her every night and shows no aversion to eating and talking with her.Of course, if he did try to escape he would die immediately, so his motive for not doing so is self-preservation rather than nostos; on the other hand, if he died he would never achieve his nostos, so perhaps his sole motive is nostos. Furthermore, he declines Calypso’s offer of immortality as he claims his â€Å"never-failing wish† is to achieve his nostos. In Book 9, Odysseus tells the Phaeacians that he and his men raided Ismarus when they left Troy.Odysseus’ motive for this could either be a desire for booty (in which case he wants kleos rather than nostos) or a desire for supplies (in which case he does want to achieve nostos, and so is preparing himself for the journey). Also, he is anxious to leave Ismarus as soon as possible which shows a desire for nostos; however, he allows his men to overrule this decision, which either shows that his motive is to please his men, or that his desire for nostos is not very strong at this point.If it is the former, his sole motive his not nostos. (Incidentally, when he drags two of his men away from the Lotus-eaters, his motive is to please his men as well as to be a good leader, not nostos, which shows that his sole motive is not nostos at this point). In Book 9, Odysseus explains how he tried to escape the Cyclops’ cave as he and his men were in â€Å"mortal peril†; thus, his motive was self-preservation and good leadership (as he wanted to save his men as well).Furthermore, the reason they were trapped in the cave in the first place was because Odysseus desired booty; though his men tried to urge him away, he wanted â€Å"gifts† and would not leave without them. In addition to this, he called out his true name to the Cyclops as he wanted kleos and thus provoked the Cyclops to curse him (which hindered his nostos). At this point in his journey, he was motivated more by kleos than by nostos. In Book 10, we find out tha t Odysseus stays with Aeolus for an entire month, thus fulfilling the laws of xenia by not rushing away, so piety seems to take precedence over nostos here.When he has left Aeolia, however, he is certainly anxious to reach Ithaca swiftly and even takes complete control of the â€Å"sheet of the ship† in his â€Å"anxiety†. He does not relax until they are finally in sight of Ithaca. Furthermore, when the winds blow him back to Aeolia, he does not attempt to linger once more but immediately requests Aeolus to assist him in reaching Ithaca as soon as possible and feels â€Å"deep distress† when the request his denied, showing how important nostos is to him.In Book 10, Odysseus also relates how he stayed with Circe for a year simply finding â€Å"pleasure in living† and enjoying himself. He does not feel any pressing need to return to Ithaca, and it is his men who finally remind him that they need to go home. This shows that he is not motivated solely by nos tos on his journey. On the other hand, when his men urge him to leave Circe’s island, he is quick to agree and they leave the next day, showing his eagerness to return home – however, despite nostos being the significant motive it is clear that it is not the sole motive at this point.In Book 12, Odysseus encounters the Sirens, Scylla and Charybdis and the island of Thrinacie. Here it is very clear that his motive is not nostos; he listens to the Sirens rather than putting wax in his ears, motivated by kleos and curiosity; he attempts to kill Scylla rather than sailing swiftly past, again motivated by kleos; he easily gives in to his men and lands on Thrinacie despite knowing that their â€Å"deadliest peril† (and greatest obstacle to nostos) lies there, claiming his motive is that he cannot go against the majority vote.Although he does pray to the gods for a â€Å"way of escape† from Thrinacie, he can also be motivated by wanting supplies and self-preserv ation, so his sole motive is not nostos. On Scherie, Odysseus states that â€Å"All I seek now is my passage home†. The use of â€Å"all† shows that it is the only thing he wishes for and therefore his sole motive since he has left Calypso’s island. It can be argued, however, that it is only because Odysseus has achieved kleos (his name is known even in the heavens) and no longer has the responsibility of his men that his sole motive is now nostos.Also, he has now been away from home for twenty years, and is now truly homesick. Odysseus’ arrival in Ithaca is quite anti-climatic: although he is â€Å"overjoyed† and kisses the earth, Homer does not linger on the moment but relates how Athene and Odysseus proceed to make a plan. The killing of the Suitors is much more significant, as it is described in great detail and Books 14 – 23 concern mainly this matter.Then again, perhaps this is because Odysseus has not achieved his nostos simply by arr iving at Ithaca: he must regain his position as well, in which case the killing of the Suitors is far more significant. However, it can be argued that the killing of the Suitors is not solely motivated by nostos but also a desire for revenge, especially since Odysseus does not spare any of them and kills his disloyal servants as well, and would have killed the Suitors’ families if it had not been for Athene’s interference: it does not seem like the sole motive for all of this killing could have been nostos.In conclusion, Odysseus is motivated by many things throughout his journey, including kleos, revenge, curiosity, the desire to please his men, good leadership, leading a comfortable life and nostos. Before he lands on Calypso’s island, nostos is not the most significant; however, it becomes his sole motive for the rest of his journey. Once he lands in Ithaca, it can be argued that he is also motivated by revenge, but nostos is still a significant motive even i f it is not the sole motive.

Hawaii’s Annexation to the US

History is rife with instances of nations wielding power over independent states as a means to gain socio-political or economic ends. In the case of the US, numerous factors buoyed its resolve to acquire territories during the 1890s. Foremost of these is that resource-rich countries showed promise of fueling an industrial America. On the other hand, there was the influence of naval strategists. They succeeded in expounding the overall view to American political leaders that there are vast benefits in acquiring territories and ports of strategic naval importance. Under the guise of Manifest Destiny, which rationalized dominant nations’ imperialist expansion in the mid- to late 1800s, the US proceeded to aggressively expand and take control of nations, among them Hawaii. Hawaii’s Annexation to the US The annexation of Hawaii to the United States was preceded by a sequence of events that finally led to that crucial turning point in history. Still reeling from the ruins and desolation of the Civil War, America had rapidly marshalled efforts to promote its interests and embark on an overt colonization of countries that offered it distinct advantages. Before it plunged head-on into an aggressive territorial expansion, it kept a wary eye both on foreign territories that were ideal for its commercial interests, as well as on dominant European powers that were also expanding beyond their borders and establishing colonies. Political and business leaders put forth the idea that â€Å"the rapid industrial development of the United States required the acquisition of foreign territories to gain easier access to vital raw materials† (Tindall and Shi, 2006, p. 59). The desire for new markets to be exploited economically eventually turned to coveting nations and creating an American empire, at all expense. William H. Seward, the United States Secretary of State from 1861 to1869, believed that â€Å"the United States first had to remove all foreign interests from the northern Pacific coast and gain access to that region’s valuable ports† (Tindall & Shi, 2006, p. 862) if it intends to successfully conquer Asian markets. A strategic imperialistic ploy adopted to indirectly take control over the economic life of a nation was to enter into trade agreements with them. Many years after the signing of a friendship treaty, came the sealing of the 1875 reciprocal trade agreement between Hawaii and the US, â€Å"under which Hawaiian sugar would enter the United States duty-free and Hawaii promised that none of its territory would be leased or granted to a third power† (Tindall & Shi, 2006, p. 86 3). This precipitated the next events that would lead to Hawaii’s annexation. Decades earlier, economic treaties had been offered to Hawaii by Great Britain and France, but the US had asserted itself to uphold its interests in Hawaii. The latter had actually â€Å"signed trade and peace treaties with the United States, England and other foreign nations, each recognizing Hawaii's independence† (Sforza, 1996, para. 5) and this is why on hindsight, it sees the broken agreement with the US as some sort of betrayal. In retrospect, back in 1820, American missionaries from Boston in 1820 stayed in Hawaii and soon turned out to be powerful sugar planters and politicians who served as advisers to the reigning monarchy (Sforza, 1996, para. 5). Queen Liliuokalani sought to shift power back to the monarchy, but the rapid succession of events eventually led to political turmoil â€Å"engineered mainly by the American planters hoping to take advantage of the subsidy for sugar grown in the United States† (Tindall ; Shi, 2006, p. 64). The imprisoned Queen Liliuokalani had issued a statement that pointed to the role of American diplomat, John L. Stevens in the conspiracy to overthrow the Kingdom of Hawaii. Amidst the commotion, a committee representative of the group that seized power from Hawaii’s reigning Queen Liliuokalani had shown up in the US seat of government in Washington with a treaty calling for Hawaii’s annexation to the US. President Grover Cleveland opposed the treaty and had attempted to restore the queen to power while seeking to provide amnesty to the coup instigators (Tindall ; Shi, 2006, p. 864). In December 1893, he expressed, â€Å"By an act of war, committed with the participation of a diplomatic representative of the United States and without authority of Congress, the government of a feeble but friendly and confiding people has been overthrown† (Sforza, 1996, para. 13). Party politics and other issues, however, eased Cleveland out of office. As fate and US maneuvering would have it, Hawaii was eventually annexed to the US in 1898 â€Å"at the urging of President William McKinley† (â€Å"Annexation of Hawaii,† n. d. , para. 3). The island state became a territory in 1900. Statehood was deferred â€Å"until a bipartisan compromise linked Hawaii's status to Alaska, and both became states in 1959† (â€Å"Annexation of Hawaii,† n. d. , para. 3). References Sforza, Terry (1996). Hawaii’s annexation a story of betrayal.   Retrieved September 20, 2008, from http://www.hawaii-nation.org/betrayal.html Tindall, G., & Shi, D. (2006). America – a narrative history (7th ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Co.

Battles and Battle Techniques essays

Battles and Battle Techniques essays Many battles happened during Romes reign over its Empire. Although many, I will only name a few as well as some of their techniques that helped them ensure a victory. Probably Romes most famous battles came from the Punic Wars. A revolt in Messana, Sicily, provided the opportunity the Romans were looking for. Asked for help against the Phoenicians, the Romans sent in an expeditionary force, small, but sufficient to send the Phoenician group back to Carthage. Carthage responded by sending in a larger force, to which the Romans responded with a full consular army. In 262 B.C. Rome won many small victories, giving it control over almost the entire island. But the Romans needed control of the sea for final victory and Carthage was a naval power. With both sides balanced, the war continued for 20 more years until the war-weary Phoenicians just gave up in 241. Rome eventually defeated Carthage altogether and in a burst of anger, decided to destroy the entire city, then pour salt all over it so nothing would grow on it ever again. Many other great battles took place as Caesar triumphed in Gaul, north of Italy. There he conquered the whole area but only for his personal gain and to get a Triumph when he returned to Rome. Now, some of Romes battle techniques, strategies and basic military tactics. Your basic Roman soldier wore a tunic, but with barely any armor, carried and shield but more often than not just slung it over is soldier when not in battle, held a spear and wore two belts around his waist with a dagger in one and a sword in the other. Roman helmets were usually made of copper and the solider would often scratch is name on it to signify ownership. Now Im going to go into some detail about Romes most famour battle technique, the phalanx. Then Roman phalanx was quick, strong, and an effective way to ...

5 Benefits Better than a Salary Bump

5 Benefits Better than a Salary Bump Negotiating your compensation for a new position? Salary might not be the most important factor in your wheelings and dealings, particularly if you’re leaving a position or company with a solid benefit package. Consider the following five benefits that can often be worth more than a few thousand dollars difference in pay, and learn which questions are most worth asking. 1. 401k MatchingThe pension is all but a dinosaur in today’s workforce. The 401k matching program is a popular consolation from companies wishing to contribute to their employees’ retirement. Weigh the matching figures and do the math against your past and future salaries. The difference between a 50% and 100% matching program can make an enormous difference over the course of your career, even if your contribution is small.2. Cadillac InsuranceMedical costs are through the roof, and insurance companies are paying for less and less. Will your new employer contribute to a Health Savings Account? Do they offer disability coverage? Or extra maternity leave? A lower premium? Anticipating your out-of-pocket health costs can come in handy and save hundreds of dollars in health care if you factor them into salary negotiations.3. Wellness ProgramsDoes your new company offer to subsidize a gym membership? Financial incentives for flu shots or achieving fitness goals? A smoking cessation program? Or even a nutritional consultant? These are all added perks that you might have otherwise spent a good portion of your salary acquiring for yourself.4. Continuing Education PerksYour hard work and perseverance got you here. But what’s next? You want to keep growing and reaching for the next rung on the ladder. Why not get your employer to foot the bill? Does your new company offer undergraduate or graduate educational assistance? Additional training programs? Access to extra resources? These are the kinds of benefits that, when taken advantage of, can really vault you to the next level - and the next salary grade.5. Commuter AidWe spend a lot of time and money getting to work, between public transportation, gas, mileage, and maintenance. Factor the convenience level of your new commute into your view of your compensation. Does your new employer offer a pre-tax public-transit pass? Or is your commute just plain shorter? Less of a hassle? Sometimes you can’t put a price tag on quality of life.To factor these perks into your negotiations, do your homework. Find out what benefits are standard within your industry, know what to ask for, and be bold enough to put it on the table. It could make the difference when the salary bump is not enough.

Global Warming and Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Warming and Energy - Essay Example The global warming issue is divided by 1) spreading process, 2) spreading locations, and 3) principal causes. Global environmental issues include a wide range of environment related issues, such as, global warming, depletion of the ozone layer, acid rain, rain forest phenomenon, desertification, reduction of wildlife species, pollution problems in developing countries, water life pollution, hazardous wastes, etc. Among all of these issues, the global warming issue, which is caused due to the increased consumption of energy derived from the fossil fuels, draws an increasing attention of the whole world. Mechanisms of Global Warming Mechanism of Warming The surface of planets including Earth is heated by solar radiation energy, which is a visible light with short wavelength, whereas it is cooled by releasing energy, which is an infrared ray with long wavelength. The temperature of the planet surface is determined by the balance between the incoming and outgoing energies. A. Cooling Eff ect Not all solar rays that are radiated towards the earth reach the surface of the earth. There are substances around the earth that reflect the solar rays. The reflected radiation energy does not reach the surface of the earth. ... e are certain gases present in the atmosphere, which do not have the tendency to absorb the visible light with short wavelength, such as, solar radiation energy but they can absorb the infrared radiation with long wavelength, such as, the energy that is released from the earth. Once these gases absorb the released energy from the earth's surface, they re-radiate the energy in all directions. Some energy is directed upwards, whereas some energy is directed back towards the earth's surface. As a result, the temperature of the earth's surface starts increasing due to the energy which is directed towards the surface of the earth. Types of Greenhouse Gases The greenhouse gases which occur naturally include methane, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and ozone, whereas the artificial greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, and chlorofluorocarbon. Among these greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide is the type of gas, which contributes most to the issue of global warming. If we analyze the rate of emissions of the last decade, we find that the global warming caused due to carbon dioxide accounts for approximately seventy percent, which is really a great percentage. Before the industrial revolution, the greenhouse gas concentration was relatively stable, but when the world’s population started to increase rapidly along with industrialization and agricultural modernization, the greenhouse gas concentration increased up to a great extent. Japan's Carbon Dioxide Emissions Since the first oil crisis, which occurred in 1973, Japan's carbon dioxide emissions had remained unchanged until the mid 1980s. Then, due to strong economic growth during the bubble period and the low energy cost, it faced an upward trend. Thereafter, the increase rate became slow, but in 2008, 1187 million tons

Anthropology Research Paper - The Amish Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Anthropology - The Amish - Research Paper Example Introduction: The Amish movement which originated in Europe was initiated by a reform group in order to reestablish the conventional practices as followed by the Mennonites. The Amish community migrated to the United States during the early eighteenth century and have settled in various parts across the country, ever since, including Pennsylvania, Ohio, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and New York. The Amish community has historically strived to uphold the values and culture of seventeenth century Europe by restraining from accepting and adopting any aspect of contemporary life offered by modern society, thus leading to their social isolation from the present day popular/ mainstream culture/ society. There are however various subgroups formed among the Amish community such as the Old Order, New Order and Andy Weaver Amish groups, who believe in and follow different ideologies and have accepted different degrees of modernity in their everyday lives (Kraybill and Stephen, 2004). Primary m ode of subsistence: The Amish community has historically been closely associated with the soil and activities associated with the same. The Amish people have been and are agriculturists and have worked as farmers on their family owned farms during the early 1960s (Lowry, 1997). In fact most of the Amish people still continue to work on farms and are predominantly viewed as agricultural by occupation. However with the rapidly changing external environment, there has been a simultaneous and corresponding impact and change in the patterns of Amish occupations, which have now shifted from farm based to non-farm based activities in recent times. Furthermore the rising land prices as a result of rapid urbanization have also pushed the Amish community to look for other sources of occupation (Pandit and Withers 1999; Bingham and Eberts, 1990; Ayres, 1998). Farming as well as other farm based occupations such as livestock rearing and /or animal husbandry still has retained precedence over ot her occupations within the Amish community although statistics suggest that hardly ten percent of the Amish population is now actively involved in farming and agricultural activities during the last century. The Amish farmers have increasingly included and integrated non-farm based activities with their primary occupations. In recent decades various Amish communities have started actively participating in small business activities as their occupation with employees less than ten. Most of these businesses are associated with wood production for household use, building barns and gazebos etc., while others have opened bakeries and quilt shops as well, thus engaging in profitable business ventures. Furthermore several Amish groups are now also involved in construction businesses while others have started working in factories in and around small towns (Kraybill and Nolt, 2004). Impact of primary mode of subsistence on the Amish culture: As discussed previously, the Amish community is pri marily an agricultural based community, where a majority of Amish men are still involved in farming and other farm based activities. It is on account of this reason that their lifestyles are fundamentally based around farming and agricultural activities. However with the rapid pace of change in the external environment brought about by urbanization has forced the Amish men to take up

Psycholosy (Counterconditioning theory) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Psycholosy (Counterconditioning theory) - Essay Example For example, a psychologist named Ivan Pavolov conducted a famous psychological experiment on dogs. He conditioned dogs to understand that when a bell was rang (the stimulus), the dogs began to salivate in reaction to learning that the bell meant food. This was an extremely important part of understanding classical conditioning. Phobias are an irrational fear of an object or setting. Often, this will cause shock with a person in that they are completely unable to function with the phobia present. One of the ways in which therapists work to help clients overcome their phobia is using behavioral therapy. One of the techniques, which are used, is the exposure technique. The basis behind exposure technique is for the therapist to expose the client to the phobia in which they are experienced in a controlled setting. This is often done in a systematic routine starting with a low threat stimulus working up to complete exposure. For example, if a therapist was working with a client who had a fear of flying in airplanes, they might start by showing a video of an airplane flying. Next, they would try a flight simulator. These cognitive restructuring steps would build upon one another resulting in the final step of actually riding on an airplane. While this is similar to flooding technique that starts at the extreme of the phobia where exposure technique is done in increments. ... de Jong, Jasper A.J. Smits Affiliation Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University Source Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, Vol 42(1), Mar, 2011. pp. 117-121. ISSN 0005-7916 Descriptors *Disgust; *Exposure Therapy; *Fear; *Phobias; Arachnida Abstract The present study examines the relative contributions of changes in state fear and disgust emotions to improvements in spider phobia observed with exposure-based treatment. Sixty-one treatment-seeking spider fearful individuals underwent a one-session exposure in vivo treatment. Growth curve analyses indicated that treatment was associated with significant improvements in state fear and disgust reactions to a live spider and self-reported trait spider phobia symptoms. Mediation analyses demonstrated that changes over time in state fear and disgust each explained unique variance in improvements in phobic symptoms over time. Examination of the effect size of the mediated pathways suggests that changes in fear and changes in disgust are important to reductions in the severity of spider phobia symptoms during exposure-based treatment. The implications of these findings for conceptualizing the role of fear and disgust emotions in the maintenance and treatment of spider phobia are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) Methodology Empirical Study; Interview; Quantitative Study Electronic; Print Electronic Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Journal Article Accepted Date: Jul 29, 2010; Revised Date: Jul 27, 2010; First Submitted Date: Apr 20, 2010 20110117All rights reserved.. Elsevier Ltd.. 2010. 10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.07.007 In this study, there was an experiment run in order to see whether exposure therapy worked on treating arachnophobia. They had a sample size of

Description of personal warm-up Essay Example for Free

Description of personal warm-up Essay Before training or playing a match in my sport I will always follow a warm-up program. This warm-up will help prevent injury such as muscle pulls and tears. As well as being physically prepared it will also help me be mentally prepared which is especially important in a match situation. My warm-up consists of a few running drills and then into a set of stretches followed by some skilled drills. It is very important to do some running drills before stretching as muscles need to be stretched when warm to prevent injury. A simple 3 minute jog would warm the muscles enough for stretching. Stretches These are the stretches that I would go through. Each stretch has a diagram, to demonstrate how the stretch is done, and the names of the muscles being stretched. Neck muscles (Sternocleidomastoid and scalenes) Shoulder muscle (Deltoids, Trapezius and Triceps) Spine Quadriceps (Rectus temoris and Sartoius) Hamstrings Gluteus Maximas (Gluteuls) Groin (Pectinus, Odducta longas and Odducta magnus) Skilled drills The final part of my warm up consists of practicing skills with my teammates. There are many forms that we can practice skills with. Grid work Grid work will be set out with players on four corners facing each other as shown in the diagram. = players = running path The players will run to the opposite corner of the grid with a rugby ball and pass it on the player facing them. They can pass it on in number of ways; * A simple pass * A pop pass for the player to run onto * A high pass for the player to jump for * A gut pass Lateral passing Another drill that can be used is the lateral passing drill. Rather than passing forward in grid work, lateral passing consists of passing backwards down a line like a match situation. Players should be in several groups of about 3 to 6 and they should line up at two opposite ends as shown in the diagram. = players = running path = ball path Each group should run to the other end while passing the ball along the line. The distance should be enough for the ball to go down the line 3 times. Benefits of a warm up If a warm up is carried out in the right way it can give many benefits: * Loss of muscle stiffness * As haemoglobin releases oxygen easier at higher muscle temperatures there is facilitated oxygen utilization by the muscles * Speed and force of contraction is increased as the higher temperature of the muscle gives it more energy * Vascular beds dilate in the active tissues increasing blood flow * As muscles are warmed there is reduced resistance which allows a greater economy of movement * Reduces chance of injuries such as tears, pulls etc. Cool down A cool down is just important as the warm up and should always be done after training or a match. I will always cool down after a match or training with my team by simply jogging for 5-10 minutes. This will gently decrease my body temperature. I will also do a series of stretches for 5-10 minutes. Benefits of a cool down A cool down will give a number of benefits: * Reduce the chances of DOMS (Delayed-onset muscle soreness) * Decrease the level of adrenaline in the blood * Helps in the release of lactic acid in the muscles